Main Types of Communication Disorders

Main Types of Communication Disorders

The major types of communication disorders include speech disorders, language disorders, and hearing disorders.

1. Speech Disorders
   • Articulation Disorders: Inability to articulate phonemes or individual sounds as they should be said or pronouncing them in the wrong way or not at all.
   • Fluency Disorders: Disruption of one’s own speech, for example, due to stuttering or cluttering.
   • Voice Disorders: Issues with the quality, pitch, volume, or resonance of the voice.
2. Language Disorders
   • Receptive Language Disorders: Language comprehension problems that may result from a language disorder or disability, learning disorder, or a mental health condition.
   • Expressive Language Disorders: Problems with speech and writing or any other means to convey one’s thoughts and ideas.
   • Mixed Receptive-Expressive Language Disorders: Problems in the comprehension of language and in the actual process of speaking.
3. Hearing Disorders
   • Conductive Hearing Loss: This results from conditions affecting the outer or middle ear so that sound cannot be conducted to the inner ear (Hegde & Pomaville, 2021).
   • Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Results from damage to the inner part of the ear or the auditory nerve.
   • Mixed Hearing Loss: Conductive hearing loss together with sensorineural hearing loss.

Characteristics of the Communication Disorders

1. Speech Disorders
   • Difficulty in pronouncing certain speech sounds properly
   • Disturbances in the prosodic features of speech
   • Disturbance of pitch, tone, or loudness of voice
2. Language Disorders
   • Problems in comprehension of spoken or written words
   • Problems in using words when speaking, writing, or general communication (Fogle, 2022).
   • Delayed language development
3. Hearing Disorders
   • Challenges in hearing and distinguishing sounds
   • Difficulties in spoken and written language
   • Challenges in social and academic communication.

Education Considerations for Individuals with Communication Disorders

• Early Intervention: Early detection and early intervention for communication impairments ensure the individual develops normal language skills where possible.
• Individualized Education Plans (IEPs): IEP that addresses the communication needs of the student, speech and language therapy, and speech and language accommodations.
• Multidisciplinary Approach: Involve other personnel such as teachers, communication specialists, SLTs, and audiology professionals to ensure that the individual receives a holistic intervention plan to address communication and learning difficulties.
• Classroom Accommodations: Give priority to seating, visual cues, and written/oral directions in simple terms and offer hand signals, signs, or other means of conveying information.
• Social and Emotional Support: Focus on the social and emotional development of students who have communication difficulties because such children might face difficulties in making friends, developing a positive attitude toward themselves, and handling stress and other psychological problems (Hegde & Pomaville, 2021).
• Transition Planning: Support students with communication disorders in the transition to higher education and living independently and guarantee the services’ sustainability.

References

Fogle, P. T. (2022). Essentials of communication sciences & disorders. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Hegde, M. N., & Pomaville, F. (2021). Assessment of communication disorders in children: resources and protocols. Plural publishing.

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List the major types of communication disorders, include their significant characteristics, and discuss the educational considerations for individuals with communication disorders

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